Q-5 DU SOL CYBER CRIME

-

 Electronic Signature Certificates

According to Sec. 2(1)(tb) ‘Electronic Signature Certificate’ means “an electronic signature certificate issued under section 35 and includes Digital Signature Certificate.”Digital Signature Certificates are the electronic equivalent of physical or paper certificates (e.g., drivers’ licence, passport, membership card etc.). There are basically 3 types of digital signature certificates : Class I, Class II and Class III and each 

Digital signatures rely on public and private keys. Those keys have to be protected in order to ensure safety and to avoid forgery or malicious use. When you send or sign a document, you need assurance that the documents and the keys are created securely and that they are using valid keys. Certifying Authority, a type of Trust Service Provider, are third-party organizations that have been widely accepted as reliable for ensuring key security and that can provide the necessary digital certificates. Both the entity sending the document and the recipient signing it must agree to use a given Certifying Authority.

DocuSign is also a Certifying Authority when signers sign using the DocuSign Express Digital Signature. That means you can always send a document with a digital signature by using DocuSign as the Certificate Authority. Alternatively, you can securely establish your own Certifying Authority using the DocuSign Signature Appliance and still access the rich features of DocuSign cloud services for transaction management. Some organizations or regions rely on other prominent CAs, and the DocuSign platform supports them, as well. These include OpenTrust, which is widely used in European Union countries, and SAFE-BioPharma, which is an identity credential that life science organizations may elect to use


Duties of Certifying Authority (Secs. 30 – 34)

To follow certain procedures regarding security system (Sec. 30). The Act has laid down certain procedures relating to security system to be followed by the certifying authority in the performance of its services. It must :

1.  make use of hardware, software, and procedures that are secure from intrusion and misuse ;

2.  provide a reasonable level of reliable services ;

3.  adhere to security procedures to ensure the secrecy and privacy of electronic signatures ;

4.  be the repository of all Electronic Signature Certificates ;

5.  publish information regarding its practices, Electronic Signature Certificates and current status of such certificates ; and

6.  observe the specified standards.

The above stated security procedures must ensure the achievement of 4 objectives of a security system : Confidentiality, accessibility of information, consistency of information and authorized use of resources.

b.  To ensure compliance of the Act (Sec. 31). The certifying authority must ensure that every person employed or engaged by it complies with the provisions of the Act, rules, regulations or order, made thereunder.

c.  To display its licence (Sec. 32). The certifying authority must display its licence at a conspicuous place in the premises in which it carries on its business.

d.  To surrender its licence (Sec. 33). The certifying authority must surrender its licence to the controller on its suspension or revocation.

e.  To make certain disclosures (Sec. 34). The certifying authority is required to make the following disclosures :

1.  Disclosure of Electronic Signature Certificate ;

2.  Disclosure of Certification Practice Statement (CPS) ;“Certificate Practice Statement” means a statement issued by a certifying authority to specify the practices that the certifying authority employs in issuing electronic signature certificates [Sec. 2(1)(k)]

It also outlines the CA’s policies, practices and procedures for verifying keys and suspension, revocation and renewal of electronic signature certificates.

3.  Disclosure of notice of revocation and suspension of Certificates of Certifying Authority ;

4.  Disclosure of facts materially and adversely affecting the reliability of electronic signature certificate 

5.  Disclosure of adverse effects to affected person [Sec. 34(2)]. The authority is bound to disclose to affected person about any event which may materially and adversely affect the integrity of the computer system or the conditions under which electronic signature certificate was granted. The certifying authority is required to act in accordance with the procedure specified in its CPS to deal with such event or situation.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

DU SOL English Q 1 PART A. “The narrator of passage 1 comes from a happy, cultured family.” Comment on the given statement, with examples from the passage.

-
A. “The narrator of passage 1 comes from a happy, cultured family.” Comment on the given statement, with examples from the passage . My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.   My parents were widely regarded as an ideal couple. My mother’s lineage was the more distinguished, one of her forebears having been bestowed the title of ‘Bahadur’ by the British. I was one of many children—a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the 19 th century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on the Mosque Street ...
Read more

DU SOL Q3 A Part "Prayer Before Birth" In the Poem, the phrase “I am not yet born; oh hear me” is repeated throughout the poem. What effect does this paradoxical refrain create in the poem?

-
  Prayer Before Birth  Q3 (A)  In the Poem (passage 2), the phrase “I am not yet born; oh hear me” is repeated throughout  the poem. What effect does this paradoxical refrain create in the poem?...... "Prayer Before Birth" is a poem by the Anglo-Irish poet Louis MacNeice, written during World War II and first published in MacNeice's 1944 collection  Springboard . The speaker, an unborn child, prays for future guidance and protection from the horrors of the modern world, and possesses great foresight about humankind's capacity for self-destruction and violence. The speaker ultimately insists that, if this prayer cannot be answered, the speaker would rather not be born at all. The poem is thus a damning condemnation of the state humanity found itself in around the middle of the 20th century. The speaker makes a desperate plea (most likely to God, given that this is a “prayer”) asking for strength and guidance to navigate the world—a frightening, violent place in t...
Read more

DU SOL English Q 6 PART A What are the narrator’s views on his ‘saheb’? Do you agree with the narrator’s view when he says, “I, for one, always keep to my place, always observe decorum.”?

-
  Question 6 (A)What are the narrator’s views on his ‘saheb’? Do you agree with the narrator’s view when  he says, “I, for one, always keep to my place, always observe decorum.”?........ The narrator thinks sahib like the same pattern things. He likes dak Bangla's. sahib likes the old place very much more than his comfortable bungalow at the headquarters. he has an odd liking for queer places, uncouth people. If he didn’t, would he choose to be buried in this place instead of staying peacefully at the headquarters like other sahebs if his clothes are not ironed properly or his shoes not shined enough or if the driver shows up ten MINUTES LATE. YES, I AGREE WITH THE NARRATOR VIEWS   “I, for one, always keep to my place, always observe decorum’’. A young man needs to go out once in a while with his mates, watch a movie, have a few drinks, that kind of thing. Instead, in these places, after ironing Saheb’s clothes and making his bed and arranging his papers and arguing wit...
Read more